Your body needs minerals for its proper functioning. The study of minerals is known as mineralogy. They occur naturally in earth’s crust. Minerals have certain chemical composition, their physical properties are similar, and they have highly ordered atomic structure. When compared to minerals rock is said to be the combination of more number of minerals which do not have specific composition. The minerals are defined as a chemical substance or an element, which must have crystalline structure and they may be obtained as effect of geological processes.
What are the functions of minerals?
The main functions of minerals are to aid in the growth and development of human body and maintain its health. They help to built strong bones which are helpful in the transmission of nerve impulses. They play a vital role in making hormones and in maintaining normal heart beat.
Chemical Structures of Minerals
Without the crystal structure and the chemical composition, minerals cannot be defined in proper manner. If two or more minerals differ in their crystal structure but they have same chemical composition they are said to be poly morphs. Consider marcasite and pyrite have same chemical composition called as iron sulfide but they differ in atom arrangement. In some cases minerals differ in their chemistry but they posses same crystalinity. Periclase, halite, galena have identical cubic crystal structure but they are made up of various chemicals such as sodium, chlorine, sulphur, lead, magnesium and oxygen.
Crystal Structure and Properties of Minerals
Physical properties of minerals are determined by their chemical structures. In two minerals namely diamond and graphite are made up of same carbon, graphite is soft and diamond is hard. The reason for the hardness of diamond although it has been formed from the same carbon that forms graphite is that the carbon atoms are arranged in three dimensional orders. Graphite is soft because the carbon atoms in it are arranged in form of sheet.
Classification of Minerals
There are nearly 4,000 known minerals. Out of those 4,000 minerals 150 minerals are highly abundant and they are known as common minerals. 50 Minerals are infrequent and they are known as occasional minerals. And the rest are known as rare and extremely rare minerals.
Types of Minerals
Minerals are of two different types: they are trace minerals and macro minerals. Macro minerals are consumed by human body in larger than trace minerals. The molecules in macro minerals are prepared from magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, and sulfur.
Trace minerals- the name itself indicates that they are required by the human body only in small amount. Substances such as manganese, copper, iron, iodine, zinc, fluoride, cobalt, and selenium are known as trace minerals.
Do you know about calcium mineral?
This mineral comes under macro minerals; bone needs it in huge amount. It helps in the formation of strong bones and teeth. The main sources of calcium are dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt, calcium-fortified foods, orange juice, cereals and crackers.
Do you know about iron mineral?
The main part of hemoglobin is iron which helps in the transfer of oxygen from lungs to other body parts. Oxygen is wanted by the whole body to stay alive and healthy. The main sources of this mineral are as follows: meat, (especially red meat such as beef), leafy green vegetables, broccoli and whole and enriched grains like wheat or oats.



